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1.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 118(1): 33-40, jan. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360114

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fundamento A ação do peptídeo natriurético atrial (ANP) na natriurese, diurese e vasodilatação, resistência à insulina, fígado, rim e tecido adiposo pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento metabólico e cardiovascular saudável. Embora o nível circulante de ANP seja reduzido em pacientes com obesidade, sua resposta à perda de peso ainda é pouco explorada em populações pediátricas. Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos das variações do ANP em resposta à intervenção interdisciplinar para perda de peso na Síndrome Metabólica (SMet) e nos riscos cardiometabólicos em adolescentes com obesidade. Métodos 73 adolescentes com obesidade participaram de uma terapia interdisciplinar para perda de peso de 20 semanas, incluindo uma abordagem clínica, nutricional, psicológica e de exercícios físicos. A composição corporal, análises bioquímicas e pressão sanguínea foram avaliadas. A SMet foi classificada de acordo com a Federação Internacional de Diabetes (IDF) (2007). Após o tratamento, os voluntários foram divididos de acordo com os níveis de plasma do ANP aumento (n=31) ou ANP redução (n=19). Resultados Ambos os grupos apresentaram redução significativa de peso corporal, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e circunferências de cintura, pescoço e quadril (CC, CP e CQ, respectivamente), e aumento da massa livre de gordura (MLG). É interessante observar que houve uma redução significativa na gordura corporal, na razão de TG/HDL-c e na prevalência de SMet (de 23% para 6%) somente no grupo com ANP aumento. Conclusão Este estudo sugere que o aumento nos níveis séricos de ANP após a terapia para perda de peso pode estar associado a melhorias nos riscos cardiometabólicos e na prevalência reduzida de SMet em adolescentes com obesidade.


Abstract Background The action of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on natriuresis, diuresis and vasodilatation, insulin resistance, liver, kidney, and adipose tissue may contribute to the healthy metabolic and cardiovascular development. Even though the circulating level of ANP is reduced in patients with obesity, its response to weight loss remains poorly explored in pediatric populations. Objective To evaluate the effects of ANP variations in response to interdisciplinary weight loss intervention on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiometabolic risks in adolescents with obesity. Methods 73 adolescents with obesity attended a 20-week clinical interdisciplinary weight loss therapy including clinical, nutritional, psychological and exercise training approach. Body composition, biochemical analyses and blood pressure were evaluated. MetS was classified according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) (2007). After the treatment, volunteers were divided according to Increasing (n=31) or Decreasing (n=19) ANP plasma levels. Results Both groups present significant reduction of body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), waist, neck and hip circumferences (WC, NC and HC, respectively) and increasing fat-free mass (FFM). Interestingly, a significant reduction in body fat, TG/HDL-c ratio and MetS prevalence (from 23% to 6%) was observed in the Increased ANP group only. Conclusion This study suggests that an increase in ANP serum levels after weight loss therapy could be associated with improvements in cardiometabolic risks and the reduced prevalence of MetS in adolescents with obesity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Pediatric Obesity/therapy , Body Composition , Weight Loss/physiology , Body Mass Index , Atrial Natriuretic Factor/metabolism
2.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 65(6): 821-831, Nov.-Dec. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1349997

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effects of an interdisciplinary intervention on biomarkers of inflammation and their relationship with fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) concentrations in women with overweight and obesity. Subjects and methods: Thirty-one women were enrolled in a 12-week interdisciplinary weight loss program delivered by a team comprising an endocrinologist, nutritionist and exercise physiologist. Body composition; anthropometric measures; metabolic and inflammatory markers including adiponectin, leptin, and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were assessed at baseline and post-therapy. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the homeostasis model assessment of adiponectin (HOMA-AD) were calculated. The participants were divided into two groups: those with increased FGF21, and those with decreased FGF21. Results: The sample comprised women aged 32 ± 5 years with a body mass index of 33.64 ± 3.49 kg/m2. Body weight, waist circumference and leptin concentration were decreased in the whole sample after therapy. However, only the group with an increase in FGF21 concentration presented significant improvements in adiponectin concentration and adiponectin/leptin ratio. Moreover, although there was a reduction of leptin in both groups, it was greater in the increased FGF21 groups. There was a reduction in ANP in the decreased FGF21 group. Conclusions: Changes in FGF21 concentrations were different among the women participating in the weight loss program, with some having increased levels and some reduced levels. Furthermore, improvements in adiponectin and the adiponectin/leptin ratio were found only in the group with increased FGF21 concentration.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Weight Reduction Programs , Obesity/therapy , Insulin Resistance , Biomarkers/blood , Body Mass Index , Leptin , Adiponectin , Fibroblast Growth Factors/blood
3.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 64(4): 479-482, July-Aug. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1131118

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is among the activators that can stimulate thermogenesis in the white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue. People with obesity have elevated blood levels of FGF21, but also develop resistance to its action, impairing its beneficial role. Inversely, clinical treatments to weight loss has been pointed out as an important therapy for increasing and recovering sensitivity to FGF21. The aim was to analyse the effect of long-term weight loss interdisciplinary intervention on FGF21 and body composition. Subjects and methods Eighty-six post-pubertal obese adolescents (14-19 years-old), were submitted to 20 weeks of weight loss therapy (clinical, nutritional, psychological and physical exercise support). Anthropometric measures, body composition and rest metabolic rate (RMR) by bioelectrical impedance, and serum FGF21 sample by ELISA were evaluated. The adolescents were grouped according to FGF21 individual delta variations after therapy: Higher Increase (HI); lower increase (LI); lower decrease (LD); higher decrease (HD). Results All groups present weight loss. Only in FGF21 ≥ 76,5 pg/mL variation the free-fat-mass and rest metabolic rate were preserved and to others group these variables were significantly reduced. Conclusion High increase in FGF21 can contribute to preservation of FFM and RMR after weight loss therapy, could have important implications for energy balance regulation. Future studies are necessary to continue determining the role of magnitude effects of FGF21 levels in obesity to improve clinical practice, especially in paediatrics population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Weight Loss , Fibroblast Growth Factors/blood , Obesity , Energy Metabolism , Adipose Tissue, White
4.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 62(3): 275-284, May-June 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-950062

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives: Obesity is a multifactorial disease characterized by the presence of the pro-inflammatory state associated with the development of many comorbidities, including bone turnover marker alterations. This study aimed to investigate the role of the inflammatory state on bone turnover markers in obese adolescents undergoing interdisciplinary weight loss treatment for one year. Subjects and methods: Thirty four post-pubescent obese adolescents with primary obesity, a body mass index (BMI) greater than > 95th percentile of the CDC reference growth charts, participated in the present investigation. Measurements of body composition, bone turnover markers, inflammatory biomarkers and visceral and subcutaneous fat were taken. Adolescents were submitted to one year of interdisciplinary treatment (clinical approach, physical exercise, physiotherapy intervention, nutritional and psychological counseling). Results: Reduction in body mass, body fat mass, visceral and subcutaneous fat, as well as, an increase in the body lean mass and bone mineral content was observed. An improvement in inflammatory markers was seen with an increase in adiponectin, adiponectin/leptin ratio and inteleukin-15. Moreover, a positive correlation between the adiponectin/leptin ratio and osteocalcin was demonstrated. Further, both lean and body fat mass were predictors of osteocalcin. Negative associations between leptin with osteocalcin, adiponectin with Beta CTX-collagen, and visceral fat with adiponectin were observed. Conclusions: It is possible to conclude that the inflammatory state can negatively influence the bone turnover markers in obese adolescents. In addition, the interdisciplinary weight loss treatment improved the inflammatory state and body composition in obese adolescents. Therefore, the present findings should be considered in clinical practice.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Osteocalcin/blood , Leptin/blood , Diet, Reducing , Adiponectin/blood , Exercise Therapy , Obesity/therapy , Biomarkers/blood , Weight Loss , Body Mass Index , Bone Density , Bone Remodeling , Combined Modality Therapy , Resistance Training , Obesity/blood
5.
Rev. paul. pediatr ; 34(1): 47-55, Mar. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-776553

ABSTRACT

To assess the relationship between the degree of waist circumference (WC) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese adolescents of both genders, analyzed according to quartiles of WC. Methods: Cross-sectional study that involved 247 obese adolescents aged 12–19 years. Mean values of the nutritional parameters and serum analyses were compared with the groups using the independent t-test. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship of the parameters studied. Chi-square test for trend was used to determine the relationship between the prevalence of the NAFLD and WC quartile by gender. Results: NAFLD were presented in 60% of the study participants. Obese adolescents in the 3rd and 4th quartiles of WC presented higher prevalence of NAFLD when compared with that in the 1st quartile in both genders. The NAFLD patients had significantly higher values for body weight, BMI (body mass index), BAZ-score (BMI-for-age z-scores), total fat (% and kg), WC, visceral fat, insulin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, when compared with non-NAFLD obese adolescents. Conclusions: In conclusion, the results presented here suggest that an increase in WC can reliably predict the risk of NAFLD in obese adolescents. This is a low cost and easy-to-use tool that can help in screening in adolescents.


Avaliar a associação entre o grau de circunferência da cintura (CC) e doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) em adolescentes obesos de ambos os sexos, avaliados de acordo com quartis de CC. Métodos: Estudo transversal que envolveu 247 adolescentes obesos entre 12 a 19 anos. Os valores médios dos parâmetros nutricionais e as analises séricas foram comparados com o teste t independente. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foi usado para determinar a relação entre os parâmetros estudados. O teste do qui-quadrado de tendência foi usado para determinar a relação entre a prevalência da DHGNA e quartil da CC por sexo. Resultados: DHGNA estava presente em 60% dos participantes do estudo. Adolescentes obesos nos quartis 3 e 4 de CC apresentaram maior prevalência de DHGNA quando comparados com aqueles no primeiro quartil em ambos os sexos. Os pacientes com DHGNA tinham valores significativamente mais elevados de peso corporal, IMC (índice de massa corporal), IMC/I (IMC para idade) z-escore, gordura total (% e kg), CC, gordura visceral, insulina, índice de resistência à insulina (HOMA-IR), aspartato aminotransferase e alanina aminotransferase quando comparados com adolescentes obesos sem DHGNA. Conclusões: Os resultados aqui apresentados sugerem que um aumento da CC pode predizer com segurança o risco de DHGNA em adolescentes obesos. Essa é uma ferramenta de baixo custo e fácil de usar que pode ajudar na triagem de adolescentes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Waist Circumference , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Obesity , Alanine Transaminase , Aspartate Aminotransferases
6.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 99(4): 892-899, out. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-654252

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: O processo aterosclerótico no nível endotelial começa em idade precoce e parece estar associado com a obesidade e suas comorbidades como a resistência insulínica. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência da resistência insulínica em marcadores inflamatórios e subclínicos de aterosclerose em adolescentes obesos. MÉTODOS: Sessenta e seis adolescentes obesos pós-púberes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o índice de resistência insulínica estimado pelo Modelo de Avaliação da Homeostase (HOMA-RI): com resistência insulínica (RI) n = 39 e sem resistência insulínica (NRI) n = 27, e foram submetidos a uma intervenção interdisciplinar ao longo de um ano. A espessura mediointimal da artéria carótida comum (EMIC), e o tecido adiposo visceral e subcutâneo foram determinados por ultrassonografia. A composição corporal, pressão arterial, índice HOMA-RI, perfil lipídico e as concentrações de adipocinas [leptina, adiponectina, e inibidor do ativador do plasminogênio-1 (PAI-1)] foram analisados antes e após a terapia. RESULTADOS: Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhoras significativas na composição corporal, estado inflamatório (redução da concentração de leptina e PAI 1; aumento de adiponectina plasmática) e redução da EMIC. Apenas o grupo NRI mostrou correlação positiva entre as alterações na gordura visceral (∆Visceral) e mudanças na EMIC (∆ EMIC) (r = 0,42, p < 0,05). A análise por regressão linear simples revelou o ∆Visceral ser um preditor independente para a redução da EMIC nesse grupo (R2 ajustado = 0,14, p = 0,04). Os valores finais da EIMC permaneceram significativamente maiores no grupo RI, quando comparado com grupo NRI. CONCLUSÃO: A presença de resistência insulínica pode prejudicar mudanças na EMIC levando ao desenvolvimento precoce da aterosclerose em adolescentes obesos submetidos a uma intervenção interdisciplinar.


.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Obesity/physiopathology , Analysis of Variance , Anthropometry , Adipokines/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Blood Pressure/physiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/blood , Risk Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric
7.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 56(1): 12-18, fev. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-617911

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To verify the influence of visceral and subcutaneous fat, as well adipokines in bone mineral density (BMD) in obese adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study involved 125 postpubertal obese adolescents (45 boys and 80 girls). Anthropometric measurements, body composition, visceral and subcutaneous fat, and BMD were determined. Leptin, adiponectin, and insulin levels also analyzed. RESULTS: Data demonstrated a negative relationship between BMD with insulin resistance, visceral fat and leptin concentration; and bone mineral content with visceral/subcutaneous ratio. Positive association between BMD and subcutaneous fat was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Visceral fat and insulin resistance, as well as visceral/subcutaneous ratio and leptin concentration, were negative predictors of BMD in boys and girls, respectively. However, subcutaneous fat had a protective influence in BMD only in boys.


OBJETIVO: Verificar a influência da gordura visceral e subcutânea, assim como das adipocinas na densidade mineral óssea (DMO) em adolescentes obesos. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: O estudo envolveu 125 adolescentes obesos pós-púberes. Medidas antropométricas, composição corporal, gordura visceral e subcutânea e DMO foram determinadas. Níveis de leptina, adiponectina e insulina foram analisados. RESULTADOS:Os dados demonstraram associação negativa entre DMO com resistência insulínica, gordura visceral e concentração de leptina; e conteúdo mineral ósseo com a razão visceral/subcutânea. Associação positiva entre DMO e gordura subcutânea foi observada. CONCLUSÕES: Gordura visceral, resistência insulínica, razão visceral/subcutânea e concentração de leptina foram preditores negativos da DMO em meninos e meninas, respectivamente. Entretanto, a gordura subcutânea demonstrou exercer influência positivamente na DMO somente nos meninos.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Adipokines/blood , Bone Density/physiology , Intra-Abdominal Fat , Obesity/physiopathology , Subcutaneous Fat , Linear Models , Leptin/blood , Obesity , Sex Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric
8.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 84(6): 516-521, nov.-dez. 2008. graf, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-502275

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Analisar a influência de obesidade na contagem de células imunológicas e na concentração dos hormônios cortisol e leptina, a fim de estabelecer uma relação entre as variáveis analisadas. MÉTODOS: Foram recrutados 27 adolescentes obesos [índice de massa corporal (IMC) ≥ percentil 95[ e 21 não-obesos (IMC ≤ percentil 75), de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 15 e 19 anos, na fase pós-púbere. O IMC foi calculado através da divisão do peso pela altura ao quadrado e a composição corporal foi estimada por pletismografia no sistema Bod PodTM. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas para análise de leucócitos, neutrófilos, linfócitos, monócitos, plaquetas, cortisol e leptina. O teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov foi utilizado, seguido pelo teste t de Student independente supondo distribuição normal. O nível de significância estabelecido foi p < 0,05 e expresso como média ± desvio padrão. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o programa SPSS para Windows versão 12.0. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença entre o grupo obeso e o não-obeso na concentração sérica de leucócitos, neutrófilos, linfócitos, monócitos e cortisol. O grupo de adolescentes obesos apresentou maiores concentrações de plaquetas e leptina (p < 0,01). A prevalência de hiperleptinemia foi de 25,92 por cento nos adolescentes obesos (15,38 por cento, sexo masculino e 35,7 por cento, feminino). CONCLUSÕES: Os adolescentes obesos apresentaram maiores concentrações de plaquetas e leptina em comparação aos não-obesos. Observou-se que as adolescentes obesas apresentaram maior prevalência de hiperleptinemia do que os adolescentes obesos.


OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of obesity status on immune cell count and concentration of the hormones cortisol and leptin, in order to establish a relationship among the variables analyzed. METHODS: We recruited 27 obese [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 95th percentile[ and 21 non-obese (BMI ≤ 75th percentile) adolescent boys and girls, aged 15-19 years at the post-pubertal stage. BMI was calculated as body weight divided by height squared, and body composition was estimated by plethysmography in the Bod PodTM system. Blood samples were collected to analyze leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, cortisol, and leptin. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed, followed by the independent Student t test in case of normal distribution. Significance values were set at p < 0.05 and expressed as means ± standard deviation. The statistical package SPSS for Windows version 12.0 was used. RESULTS: There was no difference between obese and non-obese adolescents in terms of leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte and cortisol serum concentrations. The group of obese adolescents presented higher platelet and leptin concentrations (p < 0.01). The prevalence of hyperleptinemia was 25.92 percent in the obese adolescents (15.38 percent in boys and 35.7 percent in girls). CONCLUSIONS: Obese adolescents have higher platelet and leptin concentrations in comparison with non-obese adolescents. It was also found that obese girls presented a higher prevalence of hyperleptinemia than obese boys.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Blood Platelets/metabolism , Hydrocortisone/blood , Leptin/blood , Obesity/metabolism , Body Composition , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Young Adult
9.
Rev. bras. med. esporte ; 12(5): 263-267, set.-out. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-453759

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as alterações promovidas, por intervenção multidisciplinar, nas concentrações plasmáticas de grelina e leptina, adiposidade visceral e prevalência de esteatose hepática não alcoólica (NAFLD), em adolescentes obesos. Foram avaliados 28 adolescentes obesos, 16 meninas (IMC 34,58 ± 3,86kg/m²) e 12 meninos (IMC 37,08 ± 3,17kg/m²), com idade entre 15 e 19 anos, quanto à concentração de leptina, grelina, insulina, assim como a adiposidade visceral e o diagnóstico de NAFLD pelo método de ultra-sonografia. Os resultados demonstraram redução significante na concentração circulante de grelina e leptina e na adiposidade visceral (p < 0,01). Houve ainda redução percentual na prevalência de NAFLD, sendo este um resultado relevante, visto que esta doença pode progredir para cirrose, tanto em crianças quanto em adolescentes obesos. Este tipo de tratamento demonstrou ser eficiente na melhora do perfil metabólico e hormonal, contribuindo para o controle da obesidade e suas co-morbidades em adolescentes obesos.


The aim of this study was to assess the changes promoted by a multidisciplinary therapy in ghrelin and leptin concentrations, visceral adiposity and non-alcoholic fat liver disease-NAFLD, in obese adolescents. A total of 28 obese adolescents, 16 girls (BMI 34.58 ± 3,86 wt/ht²) and 12 boys (BMI 37.08 ± 3.17 wt/ht²), aged between 15 and 19 years old, was evaluated to leptin, ghrelin and insulin concentrations, visceral adiposity and NAFLD through ultrasonography. The results showed a significant decrease in ghrelin, leptin concentrations and visceral adiposity (p < 0.01). Moreover, a decrease in the NAFLD prevalence was observed. It is an important result, since this disease can progress to cirrhosis, not only in children but also in obese adolescents. This kind of treatment can be efficient to improve metabolic and hormonal profile, as well as, to control obesity and related co-morbidities in obese adolescents.


El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido evaluar las alteraciones promovidas por la intervención multidisciplinar, en las concentra- ciones plasmáticas de grelina y leptina, adiposidad visceral y prevalencia de esteatosis hepática no alcohólica - NAFLD, en adolescentes obesos. 28 adolescentes obesos, 16 chicas (IMC 34,58 ± 3,86 kg/m²) y 12 chicos (IMC 37,08 ± 3,17 kg/m²), con edades entre 15 y 19 años, fueron evaluados respecto a la concentración de leptina, grelina, insulina, así como a la adiposidad visceral y el diagnóstico de NAFLD por el método de ultrasonografía. Los resultados demostraron una reducción significante en la concentra- ción circulante de grelina y leptina y en la adiposidad visceral (p < 0,01). Hubo aún una reducción porcentual en la prevalencia de NAFLD, siendo este un resultado relevante, ya que esta enfermedad puede progresar hasta la cirrosis, tanto en niños como en adolescentes obesos. Este tipo de tratamiento demostró ser eficiente en la mejora del perfil metabólico y hormonal, contribuyendo para el control de la obesidad y su comorbilidad en adolescentes obesos.

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